Employment (UK)

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The principle of equal pay for equal work has been a keystone in German as well as European law for many years, and it is no secret that the reality in Germany, in particular with regards to the pay gap between men and women, is very different.

The Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt) has been tracking the difference in pay between women and men in Germany since 2006. For 2023, they report that the average gross hourly earnings of women (EUR 20.84) were EUR 4.46 lower than those of men (EUR 25.30), resulting in an average of 18% less earnings per hour (which is the so called “unadjusted gender pay gap”). The so called “adjusted pay gap” takes into account that women work more often than men in sectors, occupations and at job levels where pay is lower or often has more part-time roles. According to the adjusted pay gap, female employees earned on average 6% less per hour than men in 2022, even with comparable jobs, qualifications and employment histories. Over the entire observation period from 2006 to 2022, women earned significantly less per hour worked on average than men. Over the past 16 years, the gender pay gap has narrowed down from 23% in 2006 to 18% in 2022 (unadjusted).Continue Reading Equal pay – the end of individual salary negotiations in Germany?

Employers embarking on redundancy or restructuring exercises need to be aware of significant changes from 6 April 2024 to UK redundancy rules which give priority protection to employees on maternity, adoption and shared parental leave (SPL). The changes from 6 April mean that the period of priority protection will extend to 18 months and will also apply to pregnant employees from the day they notify their employer of their pregnancy. This is important because a failure to give priority protection can result in a redundancy dismissal being both automatically unfair and deemed discriminatory.

This blog explains the upcoming changes and considers issues arising and how employers can manage the impact. It also looks at the practical issues arising from a larger number of employees being given priority status.Continue Reading UK redundancy protection – significant changes from April 2024

The new year is a good opportunity for employers to review and refresh HR policies and procedures. One change that employers should be aware of, which came into effect at the end of October 2023, relates to when prison sentences become spent and therefore no longer need to be declared to prospective employers, which will have a knock-on effect for recruitment processes and paperwork.

The changes to the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 reduce the time people with certain criminal convictions are required to declare them to potential employers after serving their sentence. While these changes have been welcomed by thousands of ex-offenders and have been hailed by the government as removing a significant barrier to offenders rebuilding their lives, it will limit what employers can ascertain about a candidate’s past.Continue Reading Changes to when convictions become spent in the UK

2024 is set to be a busy year for employment lawyers and human resources professionals, with various new laws expected to come into effect during the course of the year which employers will need to proactively prepare for. We provide an at-a-glance guide of what changes take effect when.

At a glance: Key legislative changes for 2024

Continue Reading Anticipating changes: UK employment law for 2024

When an employer is insolvent and administrators appointed, job losses are often an inevitable consequence. In this blog we look at the legal obligations arising where redundancies meet the threshold for collective consultation, and the implications for administrators arising out of the recent Supreme Court in the case of R (on the application of Palmer) v Northern Derbyshire Magistrates Court and another.

When does the legal obligation to collectively consult apply?

Employers who are proposing to dismiss as redundant 20 or more employees at one establishment within a period of 90 days or less must comply with specific collective consultation obligations under the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (TULRCA).

Whether or not this test is met is not always straightforward, particularly as ‘dismiss as redundant’ has a wide meaning to include any dismissals not related to the individual employee, so would include ‘fire and rehire’ dismissals in the context of facilitating a change to terms and conditions. Also, certain dismissals (e.g voluntary terminations) are counted, but others (e.g. expiry of a fixed term contract) are not.Continue Reading Collective redundancies on insolvency: administrators’ responsibilities and liabilities

One hundred years ago this month, in November 1923, Lord Hewart delivered a famous legal judgment on the principles of open justice, declaring it of fundamental importance that “justice should not only be done, but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done”. It is in that spirit of open justice that Employment Tribunals (ET) today remain open to the public and the content can freely be reported on in the press and media. As a result, when ET claims are issued, it is not uncommon for the parties to be anxious about who will have access to documentation that is presented to the ET in proceedings, and what they can do with it.

In light of a recent announcement that ET hearings will now be routinely recorded from November 2023, we take this opportunity to explore what “open justice” means in the context of online hearings, and who can see or hear what and when.Continue Reading UK Employment Tribunal: third party access to Tribunal pleadings and documentation

With the 2023 winter work party season upon us, company, location, or team level seasonal gatherings provide a chance for employers to thank staff for their hard work and for everyone to relax, socialise and have some fun with their colleagues. Yet without careful thought and planning, they can be problematic for employers who can find themselves faced with fallout from the festivities.Continue Reading Get the party started: avoiding HR issues at festive events

In May 2023 we reported how the UK government made a series of announcements in respect of proposed reforms to two areas of law derived from the EU – the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 (TUPE) and the Working Time Regulations 1998 (WTR) – and launched consultations on its proposals. The government has now published a response to those consultations and the reforms it intends will go ahead, and which ones will not. 

This blog explores the changes which will take effect, and which are expected to be in force from 1 January 2024.Continue Reading An update – Changes to post-Brexit UK employment law: What is next for working time and TUPE

How has the Bill changed?

The House of Commons have approved the Worker Protection (Amendment of Equality Act 2010) Bill (the Bill), albeit in a form that is significantly less onerous than had been originally proposed.

As originally proposed, the Bill would have:

  1. imposed liabilities on employers for failure to take “all reasonable steps” to protect their staff from third party harassment (essentially seeking to re-create protections that previously existed under the Equality Act 2010, which were removed by the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2003); and
  2. created a new legal duty for employers to take “all reasonable steps” to prevent sexual harassment of staff during the course of employment. This duty was stated to be enforceable by the Equalities and Human Rights Commission.

In the version of the Bill that was approved, item one above was removed in its entirety. Item two was recast to require the employer to take “reasonable steps”, rather than “all reasonable steps” to prevent the sexual harassment of their staff.

The net result is that rather than establishing a duty for employers to protect their employees against third party harassment on the basis of any protected characteristic, the Bill now only establishes a duty in relation to “sexual harassment”, as defined under the Equality Act 2010.Continue Reading Sexual harassment in the workplace: Update on the Worker Protection (amendment of Equality Act 2010) Bill in the United Kingdom

Employers will be liable for the discriminatory acts of their employees in the course of employment unless they have taken ‘all reasonable steps’ to prevent the wrongdoing.

Whether all reasonable steps have been taken will be fact-specific and the hurdle is a high one; the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) stated in its Statutory…